Other projects offer the highest production values 35 from script writing to casting and are both popular and come within a 36 public service remit. Key public service programmes are in the areas of education, political coverage, news, the arts, religion, and the representation of diverse social groups.
It is run in the interests of its viewers and listeners. Twelve governors regulate it, appointed by the Queen with advice from government ministers. The advantage of this form of financing is that the BBC can concentrate on providing high-quality programmes, and interactive services, catering for everyone, including minority groups and organisations, without having to satisfy shareholders looking for profits.
They also set its principal objectives, and approve strategy and policy. They are accountable to licence payers and to Parliament. BBC governors represent the public interest, and particularly the interests of viewers and listeners.
The current Royal Charter and Agreement were granted in , and expire in The process of Charter renewal started in Governments continue to look at alternatives to the licence fee, and reports by Ofcom on the future funding of the BBC were sent to the government in One sugges- tion, known as top slicing, was that 5 per cent of the licence fee should be given to Channel 4 to make public service programmes.
The BBC runs eight 4 interactive national television channels, ten national radio networks, and 5 over 50 local television and radio services.
Some services are on digital 6 platforms only. There is no advertising whatsoever on BBC channels, and 7 editorially the BBC is independent of any commercial or political inter- 8 ests.
The BBC receives no revenue from advertising. Commercial radio 9 and television networks derive their revenue from various forms of adver- 10 tising and commercial sponsorship. The 13 BBC is also an important provider of broadcasting and media training.
It supports British production skills and talent in music, drama, film, radio 15 and television. Surveys have shown that the BBC is perceived to provide 16 excellent value for money, although it is not without its detractors. It 17 provides an astonishing range of broadcasting on radio and television with 18 two flagship national terrestrial television channels, BBC1 and BBC2. When granting consent to the BBC, in October 25 , for a permanent online service, the Department of Culture, Media 26 and Sport set out three core requirements: 27 28 a to act as an essential resource offering wide-ranging, unique content; 29 30 b to use the internet to forge a new relationship with licence payers and 31 strengthen accountability; 32 c to provide a home for licence payers on the internet and act as a 33 trusted guide to the new media environment.
Modern international news rooms servicing domestic TV news and hour news channels require large amounts of video footage each day. A TV newsroom aims to get up- to-the-minute pictures on the air as soon as possible.
This is an extremely competitive business as news channels compete for the first pictures of a breaking news story. The main BBC newsroom in west London currently receives about hours of video every day.
The news footage comes in to a new digital newsroom, utilising the latest technology such as the Sony XDCAM disc camcorders. The advantage of the disc camera system is that it records a preview video of the recorded pictures and sound.
This can be sent back to the newsroom at up to 50 times real time speed. The material can then be rapidly edited on a laptop, without the need to digitalise all the footage on the tape. Other hour news channels, such as Sky News, are similarly updating their newsroom technology, and providing faster and more sophisticated on-air and on-line services. Sky News has a particularly fast rolling graphics service. Funding public service broadcasting The main terrestrial television channels available in all homes are regu- lated by Ofcom.
They have to provide elements of public service broad- casting. For the commercial channels there is an obligation to provide a regular, quality news service throughout the day. There are other require- ments to do with programmes for minorities. A bone of contention for ITV1 is that they are required to broadcast regular religious programmes, and Ofcom has indicated that it may drop this requirement in the future.
Public service broadcasting 17 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 Figure 3. The BBC 21 is the only public service broadcaster with no commercial funding. It is 22 funded by the licence fee. There have been many attempts to invent an 23 alternative source of funding for what is seen by some as a retrogressive 24 compulsory tax. Other countries such as New Zealand have scrapped the 25 licence fee, and fund all channels with advertising.
This has not led to a 26 better service for the viewers. Some European countries keep a smaller 27 licence fee and allow some advertising for their public service channels. This guarantees the independence of the BBC and particularly 33 its news and current affairs.
Alternative sources of funding include a 34 subscription service. This is how the public service channels in the US 35 are funded, often woefully inadequately. Another idea is to top slice the licence fee, and give some of 38 the money to other broadcasters who have a public service remit.
There is the risk that public money would benefit shareholders rather than licence payers. Another idea that is often floated is that the BBC should accept advertising. This would reduce the licence fee according to the amount of revenue generated by advertising. The main argument against this is that the revenues of the commercial broadcasters, particularly ITV, Channel 4 and Five, would be severely reduced.
Other suggestions include a govern- ment grant, rather like a grant to an arts institution such as the National Theatre. It is very difficult to find a better way of funding a public service such as the BBC. There is no doubt that BBC services are very popular, reaching over 98 per cent of the UK population every week. Surveys show that viewers prefer radio and television programmes that are not interrupted by adver- tising.
The BBC website with over 2 million pages is one of the most popular in the world, continually winning awards. This is grainy and lacks impact. Colour television with a resolution of lines was introduced in the s, 18 and the sharper picture and startling realism of colour was instantly a huge 19 success, providing not only a boost for manufacturers but also for the BBC.
Current digital technology is also generating changes in 23 all areas of television. Programmes are shot in widescreen format with dig- 24 ital cameras, edited with digital postproduction software on a computer, and 25 transmitted in widescreen format using digital transmission systems. The 26 benefits of recording television pictures in a digital format are enormous 27 including impressive quality, more compact storage, ease-of-use with more 28 possibilities in postproduction.
More and more productions are being made 29 in the next generation of digital equipment known as HD — High Definition. This means that the way we receive our television pictures 37 through an aerial will change, but this will hardly affect the consumer. Freeview is as its name suggests free, apart from the modest one-off cost of a set-top decoder box.
Where households cannot receive Freeview the BBC is proposing to collaborate with other suppliers to supply free TV via satellite. Sky has already announced a Freesat service. This is very attractive to the government who would like to sell off the analogue channels currently used for TV transmission.
The BBC is at the forefront of this digital revolution. In its manifesto for the future published in June in the lead-up to the renewal of its Charter in , the BBC says it intends: to be at the leading edge of the new era and is building its case on free services. View More Purchase Options. Television Production Handbook 12th Edition.
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